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Introduction:In an increasingly globalized world, foreign exchange (FX) markets play a pivotal role infacilitating trade, investment, and economic interdependence among nations. The U.S. dollar (USD)–Japanese yen (JPY) currency pair is one of the most actively traded in the world, reflecting thesignificance of both economies on the global stage (Mishkin & Eakins, 2018). Over the past…

In 2024, a survey found that 67 percent of brands face at least one public complaint on social media every month (Johnson). In an age when a single tweet or post can shape consumer perceptions overnight, how an organization responds to negativity can determine not only its reputation but also customer loyalty. I contend that…